VPC

Virtual private cloud
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Virtual Private Cloud (VPC).svg

A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is an on demand configurable pool of shared computing resources allocated within a public cloud environment, providing certain level of isolation between the different organizations (denoted as users hereafter) using the resources. The isolation between one VPC user and all other users of the same cloud (other VPC users as well as other public cloud users) is achieved normally through allocation of a Private IP Subnet and a virtual communication construct (such as a VLAN or a set of encrypted communication channels) per user. In a VPC solution, the previously described mechanism, providing isolation within the cloud, is accompanied with a VPN function (again, allocated per VPC user) that secures, by means of authentication and encryption, the remote access of the organization to its VPC cloud resources. With the introduction of the described isolation levels, an organization using this service is in effect working on a ‘virtually private’ cloud (i.e. as if the cloud infrastructure is not shared with other organizations), and hence the name VPC.

VPC is most commonly used in the context of cloud infrastructure services (IaaS). In this context, the infrastructure provider, providing the underlining public cloud infrastructure, and the provider realizing the VPC service over this infrastructure, may be different vendors.

Port

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1075.htm

如果把IP地址比作一间房子 ，端口就是出入这间房子的门。真正的房子只有几个门，但是一个IP地址的端口可以有65536（即：2^16）个之多！端口是通过端口号来标记的，端口号只有整数，范围是从0 到65535（2^16-1）。

在Internet上，各主机间通过TCP/IP协议发送和接收数据包，各个数据包根据其目的主机的ip地址来进行互联网络中的路由选择。可见，把数据包顺利的传送到目的主机是没有问题的。问题出在哪里呢?我们知道大多数操作系统都支持多程序（进程）同时运行，那么目的主机应该把接收到的数据包传送给众多同时运行的进程中的哪一个呢？显然这个问题有待解决，端口机制便由此被引入进来。

你的 client 端的 port 通常是高于 1024 的随机取得的 port，至于主机端则视当时的服务是开启哪一个 port 而定，例如 WWW 选择 80 而 FTP 则以 21 为正常的联机信道！

我们知道，一台拥有IP地址的主机可以提供许多服务，比如Web服务、FTP服务、SMTP服务等，这些服务完全可以通过1个IP地址来实现。那么，主机是怎样区分不同的网络服务呢？显然不能只靠IP地址，因为IP 地址与网络服务的关系是一对多的关系。实际上是通过“IP地址+端口号”来区分不同的服务的。

需要注意的是，端口并不是一一对应的。比如你的电脑作为客户机访 问一台WWW服务器时，WWW服务器使用“80”端口与你的电脑通信，但你的电脑则可能使用“3457”这样的端口。